Characterization of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Low‐Alloyed Steels Using Pulse Distribution Analysis Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Offline Investigation Methods

The characteristics of nonmetallic inclusions (NMIs) in low‐alloyed steel samples taken during ladle treatment before and after Ca are evaluated using the pulse distribution analysis optical emission spectroscopy (PDA/OES) method, INCA‐Feature investigations on a polished surface samples, 3D NMIs electrolytic extraction (EE) samples. investigation results different methods were compared. PDA/OES show clear tendency change average composition quantity treatment, which correlates well with obtained from other two methods. Overall, it is found that application method appropriate to enable fast online evaluation inclusion compositions their behaviors steelmaking. This, turn, provides means for establishing an control correction technological operations implement necessary modification improve cleanliness steels avoid clogging problems casting.